If you have found this website then you are probably a science enthusiast, otherwise you were purposely invited. This site is about a new theory that is presented in book form that I had originally planned to sell, but was so revolutionary and important that I instead decided to give the manuscript away. It has taken over seven years to produce this body of work with all of the research and writing. It made sense to place a PDF of the book here for downloading for anyone who wanted to read it, because that format is safer for downloading. The following is a summary of what the book contains. If you are impatient and just want to download the book, click on the "Book" tab on the left-hand side of the page. Everyone who reads the content summary below will find a "back to the top" pointer at the end. Since the book has not been professionally edited, I would appreciate having any mistakes pointed out, so that they can be fixed and the pages updated. I hope you have a happy reading experience.
Go to the tab "Theory Help" for recently posted technical info that will better explain ultrawave theory to those who cannot believe that the Standard Model or Einstein could be wrong. The latest information includes comparisons between the Standard Model and Ultrawave Theory.
Ultrawave Theory (UT) is a special type of string/brane theory that does not require higher dimensions, only two-dimensional strings and branes that create both matter and energy particles. When it was first conceived, most of the equations were fitted unit-wise to those of the Standard Model (SM). This turned out to be a mistake; all energy in the particle realm is actually different from that expected by current theories. Ultrawave theory implies that Einstein was wrong, that E does not equal mass times velocity squared. Trying to hang onto Einstein’s energy caused an initial awkward duality for many of the UT equations. Once the energy change for particles was reassessed, the awkwardness of having a dual nature to the equations disappeared. All particle equations now have different units than before, but the outcome is more natural, since kilograms are no longer included in equations that have nothing to do with force.
It is truly impossible that UT is wrong about how to create matter particles, even if some of the assumptions eventually are proven incorrect. The reason is not only that of the removal of kilograms from non-force equations, but that the theory creates all spin-1/2 matter particles in exactly the same manner, which cannot be done with the SM, or any other theory. It correctly predicts the sizes of nuclei—at least spin-1/2 ones—while the SM doesn’t even bother with size. The mysterious behavior of the quantum world is explained merely by the physical construction used by UT, as well as with the velocity of the waves. It does away with the distinction between matter and energy, which eliminates many of the stranger ideas that continue to be a part of the SM. While the electron has two other family members, the third members of the positive and negative group have never been found. UT solves this mystery by showing that the two missing particles are actually common spin-1/2 atomic nuclei.
Cosmological issues also benefit from this new theory. Dark matter and dark energy were created to answer why there seems to be missing mass in the universe, and why it seems to be growing faster rather than slower. UT shows that all energy particles actually still contain mass, so that their gravitational input needs to be accounted for in the structuring of the universe and accounts for the missing mass. A limit to gravity explains the apparent speed-up of expansion. Also, the orientation and reach of gravitational fields are different than supposed from relativity theory and explains the rapid motion of stars within galaxies. Even the big bang and inflation can be explained in a natural way—without resorting to unnatural ideas like negative vacuum energy—by using the very waves that create matter and energy. Light, electricity, and magnetism can also be explained as behaviors of the same waves that create matter.
I had hoped to include a fully functional "theory of everything" (TOE), but that requires two ingredients that are missing; quantized gravity, and the reason for each particle being at the point on the mass scale where it resides. I have not been able to make the quantum/relativity numerical connection, however an explanation for how gravity propagates is suggested. It will likely be someone else who discovers the particle mass lineage. A TOE seems possible from all that has been reasoned so far with the physical rules of the theory. Once UT has been examined by others more familiar with the specifics of what changes must be made, we might find out very soon.
Here is a brief summary of each chapter, with chapters one through 11 supporting just the theory. Chapter 12 is the basic mathematics needed to justify the concepts of the theory, and which is very simple when compared with QED, QCD, and relativity. The remaining chapters provide information about the universe in general, as well as speculations about everything from aliens to the future of humanity.
Chapter 1: What is wrong with Standard Model Particles?
This is a summary of some of the more unconventional ideas that have continued to prevail in the current paradigm of the SM, as well as some of the problems that prevent a physical picture of the subatomic world from being obtainable, such as the advent of quarks. (All of these issues are resolvable and easily understood with UT).
Chapter 2: What are Ultrawaves?
It is obvious that one must try to explain what ultrawaves are, but since they are two-dimensional and exceedingly small, it can only be done through descriptions based on measurements and behavior; and through one’s own perspicacity. The big item that makes ultrawave strings different from other strings is their propagation velocity, which is equivalent to about 9E+16 m/s. Chapters 3 through 10 give evidence to justify this seeming impossibility, using various types of behaviors of matter and energy particles. Brane construction relies on current accepted theory and requires no new justification.
Definitions were applied that predicted how ultrawaves would have to behave in order to create particles of matter, where one wave controls the other’s propagation rate. It was imperative to keep any three-dimensional material from propagating faster than c. After initial calculations were performed, it became clear that the proposed behavior was the same as that of the ring theory of the electron. The ring theory equations were applied to ultrawave strings and branes and the answers fit that theory exactly. Spin-1/2 particles can now be defined as physical tori with tiny cross sections defined by the 9E+16 wave speed—renamed Cc—describing the spin rotation, an overall diameter also determined by the Cc velocity—in this case a charge shell—, and an overall rotation at the brane velocity of c. Magnetic moments, physical size, and any other physical aspect of particles can be determined with simple equations. All spin-1/2 particles regardless of type manifest physically by using the exact same rule set, which in itself is partial proof of the theory’s correctness.
Chapter 4: Particle Mass, Planck’s Constant, and the Neutrino
Since all surface areas for particles turned out to be the same, which is a number equal to Planck’s constant in the SI system of units, it explains why that number is so important. It is then necessary to explain that this number only relates to energy by being associated with E=mc^2, which is an equation based on a wrong assumption. Rho (particle spin) is the only number that should be associated with particle energy. Planck’s constant is therefore replaced with Ap indicating particle surface area, since its value is different from the Planck value in all other unit systems. As the cross-section of a particle shrinks, its overall diameter must increase to compensate, which is why interaction cross-sections decrease as mass increases. The relationship of constant surface area to physical torus size dictates an increasing length of ultrawave with increasing particle mass. Mass is proposed as an inherent property of the wave with a mass per unit length. A further proposal that particles such as the neutrino are mass carriers is supported by a simple reconfiguration of the ultrawave from a rotating torus to a linearly traveling tube. This explains why neutrinos only have one spin direction for each type.
Chapter 5: The Connection between Particle Charge and Antimatter Status
Evidence is given for the creation of particle charge through the rotation of an ultrawave that travels around the circumference of the particle torus. It is essentially a hollow sphere bisecting the cross-section. When particles that spin opposite to their normal rotation are created, they will show an opposite charge. Since antimatter is just particles that spin opposite, both types of matter are in existence at all times. This means that electrons and protons are anti-particles to each other, as are protons and neutrons. This implies that nature has a preference for which spin direction to use for each particle mass, otherwise both examples of each particle would have been created during the birth of the universe. A currently accepted small break in CP parity is normally used to account for this disparity in matter versus antimatter. The actual cause must be due to an inherent spin associated with the universe.
Chapter 6: Why only Three Particles
Proof is given that more than three stable matter particles exist. It is based on the fact that magnetons and magnetic moments fall into power curve schemes. This is only possible because of the c/Cc relationship. When the curves are plotted as straight lines using natural logs, it can be seen that all magnetons fall on a single -45° sloping line and that groups of three “particles” fall onto other lines of various slope. Besides the electron, muon, tau, proton, neutron, lambda, sigma+, sigma0, sigma-, xi0, xi-, and omega- particles, all of these “extra particles” turned out to be spin-1/2 atomic nuclei. The main positive group is composed of the proton, sigma+ and carbon13 nucleus. The main neutral group is the neutron, sigma0 and nitrogen13 nucleus. With only 80 particles and nuclei, 65 curves can be plotted that are exact with only minor changes to the magnetic moment values. By minor, what is meant is less than a 1% change, and in most cases it is between .1 and .01 percent to provide the correct fit. The most striking thing about this particular discovery is that it is independent of the ultrawave concept and is just a fact of nature that spin-1/2 nuclei fall into the same magnetic moment relationships as spin-1/2 particles. However, I would never have discovered it without knowing what to look for, which is where ultrawaves can into play.
Chapter 7: Are Mass Increments the Key to Nuclei?
Because only some of the mass differences between nuclei are roughly in proton or neutron increments, other increments that are smaller than the muon are examined. When the ratios of these increments are compared, it appears that similarly sized increment ratios show up. This is more suggestive of unstable particle behavior and decay than any relationship to the number of protons and neutrons present. These particular nuclei more closely resemble the look and behavior of the proton and neutron pair than anything else, which is further evidence that spin-1/2 nuclei are single particles.
Chapter 8: Reconciling Magnetic Moments with Particle Sizes
This chapter takes a look at how the appearance of a secondary spin reduces the size of the particle torus and accounts for a magnetic moment radius that is larger than the calculated magneton radius. The secondary spin is possibly adjustable and shrinks particles in such a way as to create atoms with smaller covalent and atomic radii than expected. Sizes of particles vary depending on whether they are alone or paired with another particle. The supposed two-proton plus neutron (helion) combination is examined, as well as the proton (H1) nucleus. Size determinations are suspect in the SM, but UT is still within reasonable proximity to the measured sizes of these two atoms. Single particle sizes at near zero temperature should be exact, as they rely only on the measured magnetic moment.
Chapter 9: Creating all Spin Types of Atoms
A couple of other spin types (0 and 1) are explored to see if ultrawaves can create particle combinations that explain them. These atomic nuclei are the deuteron and triton. An explanation for the 0 to 15/2 range of atomic spins is given as the actual number of suspected particles contained within them. Possible cancelling pairs are still possible, but the total number is much smaller than the currently accepted proton/neutron quantities numbering in the hundreds.
Chapter 10: Redefinition of Particle Equations and fixing Constant Constraints
An in depth review of how ultrawave equations fit the measurement data with proper forms for the equation units, requiring only a couple of minor changes. These changes explain why the expectations worked so well with current standards even though a few of them were wrong. The most noticeable defect in current theory is the way the fine structure constant can sometimes have units of A2·s2·kg-1·m-1 instead of being unitless if different constants are used to define it. Ultrawave theory only gives one set of units no matter how the equations are constructed. Secondary level equations such as the Rydberg constant or the Von Klitzing constant give units that are different from the SM, but they do not include kilograms, which has no reason for inclusion in electrostatic or magnetic interactions.
Chapter 11: What are photons?
The probability that photons are just electrons that have been knocked around in such a way as to prevent them from forming tori is proposed. Several ways of orienting the ultrawaves are examined that allow 90° angles between the electrostatic and magnetic portions of the waves. Although all spin-1/2 particles can be turned into photons, most photons are likely to be electrons. This explains why energy has inherent mass, but does not show that mass, because its motion is linear rather than circular. Cosmic rays may prove to be proton mass photons. No firm proof is given for a final physical photon design, but the logic behind the assumptions made about them is undeniably strong.
Chapter 12: Proof
This chapter contains only the mathematics necessary to show how everything proposed in chapters 3 through 11 fits measured values. It is the most likely explanation for how to create all matter and energy in the universe using only two-dimensional strings and branes. The equations are all based on current accepted ones used in the macroscopic behavior of matter.
Interlude:
This is merely a quick stop to warn the reader that all remaining information is based on personal observation and opinions and should be taken as such.
Chapter 13: Creation
Unfortunately, this is supposition without any firm mathematical basis, but it does show that ultrawave behavior fits nicely with observations about the origin of the universe. Inflation in particular is a perfectly reasonable expectation of ultrawave origination. The size of the universe should be at maximum its age times the speed of light, which does not change from the way any current theory would predict.
Chapter 14: Electricity and Magnetism
Not only is light separate from electricity, so is magnetism. Electricity and magnetism are only related because the motion of electrons is involved. It is suggested that magnetism is an inherent property of the waves associated with the creation of matter. Since electrons are matter particles and have this wave associated with them then magnetism is generated by aligning electrons when putting them into motion. It is a tit for tat interaction between matter and magnetic field alignment, meaning that one will affect the other as long as the alignment can be maintained. Superconductivity is then explained as perfect atomic alignment that allows perfect electron motion.
Chapter 15: Space and Time
Einstein’s ideas about space and time that came about as a function of relativity theory equations can be difficult to grasp. With the advent of ultrawave strings and brane theory, it is now possible to explain that space consists of something and that what Einstein called curved spacetime is actually concentrated space and time. Because the speed limit of c results in equations that give meaningless answers when the speed of light is encountered, when ultrawave velocities are substituted, other possibilities surface. Expectations are that the behavior of matter when accelerated to high velocity can be treated as understandable, and that the extremes do not cause matter to spread out to infinity, or time to stop, or any of the other supposed absurdities that Einstein predicts. Space, matter, and time are all interwoven and can never be separated, but they don’t necessarily have behaviors that must be incredulous. It doesn’t take an infinite amount of energy to accelerate matter to light speed; instead it will be destroyed when overly accelerated. Hopefully this chapter will make it easier to understand what happens with space and time under unusual circumstances.
Chapter 16: Gravity
Although gravity is also an inherent property associated with the creation of matter, it is as inseparable from time as space is, which is why Einstein was able to include it in his relativity theory. A proposal is made that gravity is created almost like magnetism, with an ultrawave that has a longer reach than magnetism, but is still very much physically the same. This is why charge, magnetism, and gravity all fit the inverse square law; they are all generated by waves that are filling an increasing volume as the distance increases. The speed of gravity has supposedly been proven to be equal to that of light, but other evidence suggests that it is nearly instantaneous and that puts the speed limit in doubt. Unfortunately, light must have a component that travels at the ultrawave velocity, so it cannot be used to test the speed of gravity. It is very possible that by the time you read this the ultrawave gravity equations will be complete and gravity will be quantized. This will be the ultimate proof of the theory’s correctness.
Chapter 17: Other Mysteries
These items are just a few of the things that seem too strange for random actions, or are explained using some of the wrong ideas currently incorporated into the SM. They can be understood more easily by applying ultrawaves to the explanations. There are bound to be more such examples out there in the world, but these are the ones that came to mind for one reason or another.
Chapter 18: Life in Our Universe
A study of what we think we know about life and what the reality may be. If we want to contact aliens, we should be looking for other ways to do it based on the ultrawave velocity. No intelligence will be using light speed when something much faster exists.
Chapter 19: The Future
Our first priority must be to overcome our potential self-annihilation tendencies. Man’s place in the future depends on his ability to adapt to a common viewpoint for all of humanity, and not just for a chosen few. Population control is the key to preventing an all out resources war once global warming has started pushing humanity inward from the rising oceans. Once we have set our course as a "one people planet" then we can move to the next step. One of the most important consequences of an ultrawave created universe is the possibility of being able to manipulate ultrawaves in such a way as to allow communication at, or at least near to the Cc velocity. This possibility alone is worth a large investment in time and effort to fund experiments using some of the ideas presented throughout the book to determine if the existence of ultrawaves can be proven. If we can bring our own solar system into a nearly instantaneous communications system then we will be primed for changing it to meet our future needs. Man must leave Earth if he is to be a dominant species in the galaxy; understanding ultrawaves is the first step in being able to do it with some measure of confidence.
